Coke-oven



L u e e h S w e e .n S 4 M U 0 0 L S L v (No Model.)

COKE GVEN.

Patentgd Sept. 22, 1896.

mi noams PETERS 20., Pnmo ur nou WASHINGTON. ole.

. 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 (No Model.)

F. L. SLODGUM.

COKE OVEN.

No. 568,074. Patented Sept. 22, "1896.;

TN: NORRIS PETERS CD, PHOTO-HTML. WMXNGTUN r: c.

4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

P. L. SLOGUM.

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" Patented Sept. 223l896.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK L. SLOCUM, OF PITTSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA.

COKE- OVEN.

SPECIFIGATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 568,074, datedSeptember 22, 1896.

Application filed May 23, 1895,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK L. SLooUM, a resident of Pittsburg, in thecounty of Allegheny and State of Pennsylvania, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Coke-Ovens; and I do hereby declare the followingto be a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

My invention relates to ovens for coking coal, and relates to that classof coking-ovens having long horizontal coking or distilling chamberswith heating-fines in the side walls, the principal object of theinvention being to improve the construction of the walls inclosing suchchambers, to increase their durability, and prevent leakage.

It consists, generally stated, in a longitudinally-extending coke-oven,and a chamber having heatingiiues in the side walls thereof and havingthe inner side walls between the oven and fiues formed of vertical slabswith horizontally and inwardly extending flanges projecting over the topand bottom of the side flues.

It also consists in forming the separatingwall between two such ovens ofa central pier-wall having heating-fines on each side thereof and havingtile extending out above and below the heating-fines, and vertical slabsforming the oven-walls and outer walls of the heating-fines.

It also consists in certain improvements in the construction of suchwalls and the tiles or blocks employed therefor.

To enable others skilled in the art to make and practice my invention, Iwill refer to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure 1 is across-section througha series of ovens. Fig. 2 is a sectional View onthe line 2 2, Fig. 1. Fig. 3 is a longitudinal section on the line 3 3,Fig. 1, through the coking-chamber. Fig. 4 is a longitudinal section onthe line 4 l, Fig. 1, through the side heating-fines; and Figs. 5 to 15are perspective views of the special forms of blocks or tiles used inbuilding the ovens.

My invention relates more particularly to the type of coking-ovens inwhich the gas is carried away from the ovens without being burned, theammonia, tar, benzol, and other such products being removed therefrom,and the gas being then conducted to a holder from Serial No. 550,336.(ND model.)

which it may be distributed for illuminating or heating purposes orcarried back to the coking-ovens and employed for coking other bodies ofcoal by the combustion of such gases within the heating or combustionfines. It therefore belongs to the class of coking-ovens in which thecoke is formed practically by a distilling operation as distinguishedfrom those in which the coke is formed by internal firing. The oven hasthe longitudinal horizontal coking-chamber a, on each side of which arethe separating-walls 1), containing a series of side heating-fines 1 23, and underneath which are the heating-flues cl, the gas being burnedwithin said heating or combustion flues (Z, and passing thence into theside fines, in which are placed auxiliary gasentrances, the drawingsshowing the gas-entrances in the form of pipes e in the bottom flues dand auxiliary pipes e e in the side heating-fines, it being understood,however, that any suitable form of gas-entrance may be employed, such asfrom a gas-producer, which is preferably employed Where the gas or apart thereof is to be saved for illuminating or heating purposes.

I will first describe the construction of the ovens and the specialforms of tiles employed therewith, so that the advantages of the con.struction maybe more fully understood. To support the bank of ovens, Iemploy on the bed f a series of vertical longitudinal walls f f thedividing-walls 1) between the cokingchambers being supported on thewallsf f while the bottom tiles a of the coking-chamber may, if desired,be centrally supported on the wall f where two separate fire-chambersdare employed. Resting on the walls f f are the blocks or tiles g, twosuch tiles forming together about the width of the dividing-wall I)being employed, and the tile blocks having, as shown,the seats g,onwhich the flanges a of the bottom blocks a of the coking-chamber rest,and the blocks g having also the seats 9 to center the blocks h,

forming the bases of the center pier-walls c of the dividing-wallbetween the coking-chambers, the central ribs h of such blocks-h restingon the seats g of the blocks g. I prefer to build up the centralportionor pier of the dividing-wall of a series of such blocks h and ofrectangular blocks i, though, as shown in ICO Fig. 15 of the drawings, Imay employ a single tile 8, uniting the shapes of the blocks 7t and t'to form such parts, the two separate blocks h and t' being preferred,however, because the blocks are more easily formed and less liable towarp in baking, and 1 will therefore describe the apparatus as formed ofthe separate blocks. These blocks h and 2' also form the inner walls ofthe side heating-fines, the outer walls of said flues being formed bythe slabs or blocks 76, and in the preferred construction the upper andlower walls of said side heating-fines being formed by inwardlyextendingflanges k of the vertical slabs l6 and by the blocks 7t, which have theflanges or extensions it beyond the blocks 2', the meetin g edges of theflanges and extensions 71. having rabbets k and Ir fitting within eachother, so as to form as close joints as practicable between the blocksforming the side flues. The lower outer face of the lowest slab 7c fitsagainst the shoulders a and on the bottom blocks a of thecoking-chambers, which hold these lower or bottom vertical slabs inproper line, and resting on such slabs and extending between the tilesor blocks h, are the tile plates j, which are fiat rectangular plateswhich enter the seats 71 between two such blocks 72 and extend betweenthe vertical slabs 7c, so that said vertical slabs can movelongitudinally over these plates and are free to expand and contractunder the heat and to move longitudinally under such expanding orcontracting action without weakening the central pier-walls c of theseparating-walls 1) between the coke-ovens. To properly key together theblocks 7L and 2', forming the central pier-wall, I prefer to form thecentral ribs 7L on the blocks h and the corresponding keyways "L on theblocks t' and like ribs and keyways may be formed between the blocks hwhere two of them fit against each other, the same being illustrated inFigs. 7 and 8. Such ribs and keyways are not essential, however, and maybe omitted. This construction is carried to the upper part of thecoke-ovens, and to form the top portions of each separating-wall Iemploy the blocks Z, which rest on the slabs j, and the block on, whichrests upon the central pierwall a and preferably has a rib-and-keywayconnection therewith, as shown.

The main supporting-arches '21 over the coking-chamber rest on theinclined or skewback faces m of the abutment-blocks m, and in turnsupport the superposed brickwork forming the working floor P. Under thismain arch is afi re-arch 71-, supported on the blocks Z, (shown in Fig.13,) each of which has the rabbet Z, the inclined or skewback face Z andback of them the are or curved face Z terminating at the shoulder l.Resting against the blocks Z are the base-blocks 91, (see Fig. lat) ofthe arch n, each of which has a corresponding shoulder a and inclinedface 12, to fit against the rabbet and skewback of the block Z. The archn is prevented from spreadin g by these rabbet-and-shoulder connections,and is so held that a slight space is left between the main arch n andthe fire-arch n, which permits of the removal and replacement of thefire-arch, when burned out, without affecting the support of the floor.

The general construction of the separatingwalls above described isemployed to provide for the different expansion and contraction in thewalls of the coking-chambers, so as to permit the movement of thevertical slabs it, which are exposed to great changes of temperature,without affecting the central pierwalls. The custom has been to buildthese side heating or combustion dues of continuous hollow tile; andwhen the coke is removed from the coking-chambers the walls of thecoking-chambers are exposed to the atmosphere, and when a new charge ofcoal is placed within the coking-chambers the contact thereof with theside walls causes greater contraction of the same, while the centralportions of such dividing-walls remain at the high heat generated forthe coking of the coal, and this leads to cracking of such hollow tile,so that it has been practically impossible to maintain the side wallsintact. By the construction above described, however, as the walls ofthe coking-chamber (which also form the outer walls of the heating-fiues) are formed of separate vertical slabs, these slabs are free tocontract or expand under the changes of temperature, while the centralpier-wall, which is maintained at a high heat, is not affected thereby.The slab 70 can, therefore, move with relation to the central pierwallin contracting and expanding, the rabbeted joints between them allowingof such movement, while the flanges 70 slide over the bottom slabs a andthe horizontal dividing tile plates 7', and free expansion andcontraction for such vertical slabs 7a is permitted without affectingthe central pier-wall, the dividing tile plates j being simply flatrectangular plates which can also expand and contract without affectingthe central pier thereof. At the same time, on account of the width ofthe top and bottom faces of the vertical slabs and of the rabetted jointbetween said slabs and the central pier-wall, any gas from thecoke-chambers or products of combustion in the heating-fines have a longcourse to follow before they can pass between the coking-chambers andfines, and there is but little liability of leakage between suchchambers and fines, so that I obtain capability of free movement of theslabs and plates forming the walls of the coking-chambers, with minimumliability of leakage.

As illustrated in Fig. 3,'the coal to be coked is introduced into thecoking chambers through suitable drops 0, tracks 0 passing over theworking bed P, so that the coal may be fed to the coking-ovens fromsuitable wagons or cars 0 The gas passes from the coking-chamber throughthe passage 19 leading up through the brickwork superposed above thecoking-ovens and leading into the water seal 19, from which it iscarried by the pipe 19 to the washing and scrubbing apparatus to recoverthe coal-tar, ammonia, benzol, &c., from the gas.

The combustion-flues d are shown with the gas-entrance pipes e and leadunder the coking'chambers a, two such fines being generally employedunder each coking-chamber, and at the rear end of the same said fluesextend horizontally outward, as at d, to the same vertical plane as theheating-fines c, and

then rise, as at 61 to communicate with the upper horizontalheating-flue 1 in the side walls, the heated products wen passing to theforward end of such upper flue 1, and passing thence through asliorfidowntake-flue to the horizontal flue 2, thence passing downwardlythrough the short flue at the rear end into the lowest horizontal flue3, and leading thence by the escape-flue 4: to the stack. It will beseen that I employ the auxiliary gasentrance 6 at the mouth of the upperheating-flue 1 and the auxiliary gas-entrance e" at the mouth of themiddle flue 2, and the several gas-entrances have suitable air-errtrances to support the combustion of the gas.

In coking coal in coking-ovens of the above construction the ends of thecoking-chambers are closed by suitable doors and the coal is fed throughthe charging-holes 0 into the oven, and such charging-holes are thenclosed and sealed. Gas is then ignited in the bottom combustion-fines dand in the side co1nbustion-flues l 2 3, being introduced through thepipes e e e above referred to, and the products of combustion from thefines 02 pass upwardly through the flues d and thence horizontally alongthe fine 1 and downwardly into the flue 2, and thence horizontally alongthat flue and downwardly, from which it passes into the flue 3, theescape-flue 4, and to the stack. The heat so generated passes throughthe bottom walls of the coking-chambers and through the side walls oneach side of the same and distils off the gas, which passes through theeduction port or passage 19 into the water seal and thence by the pipe19 to the washing and scrubbing apparatus. The heat generated of courseraises the coking-chambers and the division-walls between themcontaining the side heating-flues to a very high heat, and this heatpasses through the bottom tiles a and the vertical slabs it into thecoking-chambers and acts to distil off the gas from the coal. After thecharge has been coked the doors are opened and the coke is removedthrough said doors by suitable machiner and the doors are then closedand a fresh charge of coal introduced through the charge in the holes 0.In this way the side walls of the coking-chambers are exposed to theatmosphere, which acts to cool them, and the coal introduced being ofcourse cold and lying against the slabs immediately absorbs a largeamount of heat therefrom, causing the rapid contracting of the same.

The central pier-wall, however, remains at the high heat generated inthe ovens and does not contract. As the vertical slabs k are separatetherefrom, however, they are free to contract without injury to thecentral pier-walls, and they will contract freely, moving longitudinallyor otherwise between the tile plates j and along the pier-walls or theblocks h thereof. As the coal in the cokingovens is gradually heated theslabs will again become heated and expand, and provision is thus madefor such contraction and expansion without affecting the parts of thedivisionwalls which remain highly heated. Though the slabs is above thebottom one are not held from outward movement, the mass of coal restingagainst them and pressing upon them holds them in place, so that theprincipal movement under expansion and contraction is longitudinal. Itwill be noticed that by the construction of the division-walls theweight of the arches nand brickwork between the ovens and working floorsis supported by the abutment-blocks m, which receive their support fromthe central pier-walls. By this construction the larger part of theweight is relieved from the slabs it, which form the walls of thecoking-chambers, and they .are

left free to move under expansion and contraction, as above described.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is-

1. A longitudinally-extending coke-oven having heating-fines in the sidewalls thereof and having the side Walls between the cokingchambers andflues formed of vertical slabs with horizontally and inwardly extendingflanges above and below the flues, and horizontal tiles forming tileplates between the vertical slabs extending into the central wall beyondthe slabs, substantially as set forth.

2. In coke ovens, a separating-wall between two longitudinally-extendingcokingchambers containing heating flues and formed of a centralpier-wall having heatingflues on eachside thereof, and vertical slabsforming the walls of the coking-chambers and having horizontally andinwardly extending flanges above and below the heatingflues,substantially as set forth.

3. In cokeovens, a separating-wall between two longitudinallvextendingcokingchambers formed of a central pier-wall having heating-fines oneach side thereof and having tile plates extending out therefrom, andvertical slabs with horizontally and inwardly extending flanges fittingbetween the tile plate and forming the walls of the cokingchambers,substantially as set forth.

4. In coke -ovens, a separating -wall between twolongitudinally-extending cokingchambers formed of a central pierprovided with flanges extending out therefrom and forming part of theupper and lower fluewalls, and vertical slabs forming the walls of thecoking-chambers and having horizontally andinwardly extending flangesforming the remainder of the upper and lower flue-walls, substantiallyas set forth.

5. A longitudinally-extending coke-oven havingheating-flues in the sidewalls thereof and having side walls between the cokingchamber and fluesformed of vertical slabs with horizontally and inwardly extendingflanges extending above the heating-fines, and a central pier-wallhaving flanges extending out therefrom, the flanges of the centralpier-wall and the flanges of the vertical slabs having rabbeted jointsbetween them, substantially as set forth.

6. A longitudinally-extending coke-oven having heating-fines in the sidewalls thereof and having the side walls between the coking-chamber andflues formed of vertical slabs with horizontally and inwardly extendingflanges extending above and below the heating-fines, a central pier-walland horizontal tile plates fitting between the blocks of the centralpier-wall and between said outer vertical slabs, substantially as setforth.

7. In coke-ovens, a separating-wall between longitudinally extendingcoking chambers formed of a central pier-wall having heatingflues oneach side, and formed of blocks having flanges extending out therefromabove and below the heating-fines, separate tile plates extending outfrom the pier-wall, and vertical slabs resting on the tile plates andforming the walls of the coking-chamber and the outer walls of theheating-flues, substantially as set forth.

8. A bank of coke-ovens having longitudinally-extending coking-chambers,and separate walls between the chambers formed of a central pier-wallhaving horizontal return heating-fines on each side thereof, andvertical slabs forming the walls of the cokingohambers and outer wallsof the heatingfluos, tilework above the top horizontal flues connectingthe central pier-walls and the outer walls, main supporting-arches overthe coking-chambers sustained by said central pier-walls, and innerfire-arches within the main arches sustained by the tilework above thehorizontal flues, substantially as set forth.

9. The combination, in the separatingwalls of coke-ovens, of the centralpier-walls having heating-flues on either side thereof and verticalslabs forming the walls of the coking-chambers and the outer walls ofsaid fines, of the blocks m having inclined or skewback faces m, archesn supported thereby, the blocks Z on each side of the blocks m havingthe rabbets Z and skewback faces Z the blocks n having the shoulders nand inclined faces n and fitting against the blocks Z, and the arches asupported by said blocks n substantially as set forth.

In testimony whereof I, the said FRANK L. SLOOUM, have hereunto set myhand.

FRANK L. SLOCU'M. Vitnesses:

J AMEs I. KAY, ROBERT C. TOTTEN.

